After World War One, caused by the ambitions of Austria-Hungary towards the Balkans, the map of Europe was radically redrawn. The defeated Germany lost many territories. The Realm and its states all became Republics. The occupied zone in the Rhineland is shown. The red line represents the French occupation of the Ruhr area in 1923. The dotted red line is the Saar basin ruled by the League of Nations and France.
